Climate forcing refers to factors that influence the Earth's energy balance and ultimately drive changes in the Earth's climate. These factors can be natural, such as volcanic eruptions or changes in solar radiation, or anthropogenic, such as emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. Climate forcing can have both short-term and long-term effects on the Earth's climate system, leading to changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and other climate variables. Understanding and quantifying climate forcing is essential for predicting future climate change and developing strategies to mitigate its impacts.